µMAG Standard Problem #2

μMAG Standard Problem #2 studies the switching behaviour of a Permalloy thin-film rectangular element (length $5d$, width $d$, thickness $0.1d$) as a function of the particle size $d$ measured in exchange lengths $l_{\mathrm{ex}} = \sqrt{2A / \mu_0 M_s^2}$. A saturating field is applied along the diagonal of the film (1,1,0.1) direction, then reversed to obtain the hysteresis loop.

The key results are:

  • $H_c / M_s$ — coercive field (normalised by $M_s$)
  • $M_{rx} / M_s$ — remanent magnetisation, $x$-component
  • $M_{ry} / M_s$ — remanent magnetisation, $y$-component

In the small-particle limit ($d/l_{\mathrm{ex}} \to 0$) the magnetisation is nearly uniform and a 3D Stoner-Wohlfarth analysis gives $H_c / M_s = 0.05707$.

Submissions#

GroupMethodReference
Bjork Poulsen InsingaMagTense (FDM, 100x20x3 cuboid mesh)R. Bjork, E. B. Poulsen, A. R. Insinga, J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 535, 168057 (2021)
Diaz Torres IniguezFDML. Lopez-Diaz, O. Alejos, L. Torres, J. I. Iniguez, J. Appl. Phys. 85, 5813-5815 (1999)
Donahue Porter McMichaelOOMMF 1.1 (FDM, averaged H_demag)M. J. Donahue, D. G. Porter, R. D. McMichael, J. Appl. Phys. 87, 5520-5522 (2000)
McMichael Donahue PorterOOMMF 1.0 (FDM, sampled H_demag)R. D. McMichael, M. J. Donahue, D. G. Porter, J. Eicke, J. Appl. Phys. 85, 5816-5818 (1999)
Schrefl3D FEM (hexahedral, asymptotic BCs)B. Streibl, T. Schrefl, J. Fidler, J. Appl. Phys. 85, 5819-5821 (1999)

Coercivity: $H_c / M_s$#

Coercivity: $H_c / M_s$

$d / l_{\mathrm{ex}}$Bjork Poulsen InsingaDiaz Torres IniguezDonahue Porter McMichaelSchrefl
0.1250.0571
0.250.0571
0.50.0571
0.750.0570
0.80.0631
10.06120.05700.0560
20.05940.0569
30.05700.05960.0567
40.05940.0565
4.930.0559
50.05920.05610.0560
60.05850.0558
6.860.0551
70.05830.0555
80.05800.0551
8.790.0544
90.05760.0548
100.05730.05450.0540
10.710.0538
110.05680.0542
120.05650.0539
12.640.0531
130.05600.0535
140.05560.0531
14.570.0523
150.05490.0526
160.05410.0520
16.50.0513
170.05340.0515
180.05290.0509
18.430.0503
190.0504
200.05180.04990.0500
20.360.0494
210.0495
220.0490
22.290.0485
230.0486
240.0482
24.210.0477
250.0478
260.0474
26.140.0470
270.0470
280.0467
28.070.0463
290.0463
300.04560.04590.0460

Remanent magnetisation: $M_{rx} / M_s$#

Remanent magnetisation: $M_{rx} / M_s$

$d / l_{\mathrm{ex}}$Bjork Poulsen InsingaDiaz Torres IniguezDonahue Porter McMichaelMcMichael Donahue PorterSchrefl
0.1251.0000
0.251.0000
0.51.0000
0.751.0000
0.81.0000
11.00001.00000.9990
21.00001.0000
31.00001.00001.0000
3.161.0000
40.99990.9999
4.930.9999
50.99990.99990.9990
60.99980.9998
6.860.9997
70.99960.9996
80.99940.9995
8.790.9993
90.99920.9992
100.99630.99890.99590.9980
10.710.9962
110.99000.9938
120.98520.9886
12.640.9866
130.98140.9845
140.97840.98120.9783
14.570.9803
150.97600.9784
160.97390.9762
16.50.9759
170.9743
17.80.9711
180.97080.9727
18.430.9727
190.9713
200.97010.9730
20.360.9703
210.9690
220.9680
22.290.9684
230.96720.9657
240.9664
24.210.9668
250.9657
260.9650
26.140.9655
270.96440.9631
280.9638
28.070.9643
290.9632
300.96330.96270.9630
31.60.9609
350.9595
400.9577
560.9527
750.9478

Remanent magnetisation: $M_{ry} / M_s$#

Remanent magnetisation: $M_{ry} / M_s$

$d / l_{\mathrm{ex}}$Bjork Poulsen InsingaDiaz Torres IniguezDonahue Porter McMichaelMcMichael Donahue PorterSchrefl
0.1250.0000
0.250.0000
0.50.0000
0.750.0000
0.80.0001
10.00010.00000.0290
20.00000.0000
30.0009-0.00000.0000
3.160.0007
40.00000.0000
4.930.0004
50.00000.00000.0060
6-0.00000.0000
6.860.0003
70.00000.0000
80.00000.0000
8.790.0008
90.00010.0000
100.03540.00000.03760.0200
10.710.0340
110.06120.0463
120.07250.0631
12.640.0673
130.07860.0716
140.08200.07650.0822
14.570.0771
150.08380.0795
160.08470.0811
16.50.0805
170.0819
17.80.0851
180.08490.0822
18.430.0814
190.0822
200.08190.0810
20.360.0810
210.0814
220.0809
22.290.0801
230.08030.0823
240.0797
24.210.0789
250.0790
260.0783
26.140.0776
270.07760.0792
280.0769
28.070.0763
290.0763
300.07500.07560.0780
31.60.0760
350.0739
400.0710
560.0638
750.0572